freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/02-javascript-algorithms-an.../functional-programming/understand-the-hazards-of-u...

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---
id: 587d7b8e367417b2b2512b5d
title: 了解使用命令式编程的危害
challengeType: 1
forumTopicId: 301241
dashedName: understand-the-hazards-of-using-imperative-code
---
# --description--
函数式编程是一种好习惯,它能让代码管理更简单,不受隐藏 bug 影响。在我们开始函数式编程之前,为了更好的突显可能遇到的问题,我们先看看命令式编程。
类似在英语(和许多其他语言)中,命令式时态用于给出命令,编程中的命令式是给计算机一组语句来执行任务。
这些语句通常会改变程序的状态,例如更新全局变量,典型的例子就是写一个 `for` 循环,它给出了迭代数组索引的精确方向。
相反,函数式编程是声明式编程的一种形式,通过调用方法或函数来告诉计算机要做什么。
JavaScript 提供了许多处理常见任务的方法,所以你无需写出计算机应如何执行它们。例如,你可以用 `map` 函数替代上面提到的 `for` 循环来处理数组迭代。这有助于避免语义错误,如调试章节介绍的"Off By One Errors"。
考虑这样的场景:你正在浏览器中浏览网页,并想操作你打开的标签。下面我们来试试用面向对象的思路来描述这种情景。
窗口对象由选项卡组成,通常会打开多个窗口。窗口对象中每个打开网站的标题都保存在一个数组中。在对浏览器进行了如打开新标签、合并窗口、关闭标签之类的操作后,你需要输出所有打开的标签。关掉的标签将从数组中删除,新打开的标签(为简单起见)则添加到数组的末尾。
代码编辑器中显示了此功能的实现,其中包含 `tabOpen()``tabClose()`,和 `join()` 函数。tabs数组是窗口对象的一部分用于储存打开页面的名称。
# --instructions--
在编辑器中运行代码。它使用了有副作用的方法,导致输出错误。打开标签的最终列表应该是 `['FB', 'Gitter', 'Reddit', 'Twitter', 'Medium', 'new tab', 'Netflix', 'YouTube', 'Vine', 'GMail', 'Work mail', 'Docs', 'freeCodeCamp', 'new tab']` 但输出会略有不同。
修改 `Window.prototype.tabClose` 使其删除正确的标签。
# --hints--
`finalTabs.tabs` 应该是 `['FB', 'Gitter', 'Reddit', 'Twitter', 'Medium', 'new tab', 'Netflix', 'YouTube', 'Vine', 'GMail', 'Work mail', 'Docs', 'freeCodeCamp', 'new tab']`
```js
assert.deepEqual(finalTabs.tabs, [
'FB',
'Gitter',
'Reddit',
'Twitter',
'Medium',
'new tab',
'Netflix',
'YouTube',
'Vine',
'GMail',
'Work mail',
'Docs',
'freeCodeCamp',
'new tab'
]);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```js
// tabs is an array of titles of each site open within the window
var Window = function(tabs) {
this.tabs = tabs; // We keep a record of the array inside the object
};
// When you join two windows into one window
Window.prototype.join = function (otherWindow) {
this.tabs = this.tabs.concat(otherWindow.tabs);
return this;
};
// When you open a new tab at the end
Window.prototype.tabOpen = function (tab) {
this.tabs.push('new tab'); // Let's open a new tab for now
return this;
};
// When you close a tab
Window.prototype.tabClose = function (index) {
// Only change code below this line
var tabsBeforeIndex = this.tabs.splice(0, index); // Get the tabs before the tab
var tabsAfterIndex = this.tabs.splice(index + 1); // Get the tabs after the tab
this.tabs = tabsBeforeIndex.concat(tabsAfterIndex); // Join them together
// Only change code above this line
return this;
};
// Let's create three browser windows
var workWindow = new Window(['GMail', 'Inbox', 'Work mail', 'Docs', 'freeCodeCamp']); // Your mailbox, drive, and other work sites
var socialWindow = new Window(['FB', 'Gitter', 'Reddit', 'Twitter', 'Medium']); // Social sites
var videoWindow = new Window(['Netflix', 'YouTube', 'Vimeo', 'Vine']); // Entertainment sites
// Now perform the tab opening, closing, and other operations
var finalTabs = socialWindow
.tabOpen() // Open a new tab for cat memes
.join(videoWindow.tabClose(2)) // Close third tab in video window, and join
.join(workWindow.tabClose(1).tabOpen());
console.log(finalTabs.tabs);
```
# --solutions--
```js
// tabs is an array of titles of each site open within the window
var Window = function(tabs) {
this.tabs = tabs; // We keep a record of the array inside the object
};
// When you join two windows into one window
Window.prototype.join = function (otherWindow) {
this.tabs = this.tabs.concat(otherWindow.tabs);
return this;
};
// When you open a new tab at the end
Window.prototype.tabOpen = function (tab) {
this.tabs.push('new tab'); // Let's open a new tab for now
return this;
};
// When you close a tab
Window.prototype.tabClose = function (index) {
var tabsBeforeIndex = this.tabs.slice(0, index); // Get the tabs before the tab
var tabsAfterIndex = this.tabs.slice(index + 1); // Get the tabs after the tab
this.tabs = tabsBeforeIndex.concat(tabsAfterIndex); // Join them together
return this;
};
// Let's create three browser windows
var workWindow = new Window(['GMail', 'Inbox', 'Work mail', 'Docs', 'freeCodeCamp']); // Your mailbox, drive, and other work sites
var socialWindow = new Window(['FB', 'Gitter', 'Reddit', 'Twitter', 'Medium']); // Social sites
var videoWindow = new Window(['Netflix', 'YouTube', 'Vimeo', 'Vine']); // Entertainment sites
// Now perform the tab opening, closing, and other operations
var finalTabs = socialWindow
.tabOpen() // Open a new tab for cat memes
.join(videoWindow.tabClose(2)) // Close third tab in video window, and join
.join(workWindow.tabClose(1).tabOpen());
```