2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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---
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id: 5895f70cf9fc0f352b528e66
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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title: 用户对象的序列化
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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challengeType: 2
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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forumTopicId: 301563
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2021-01-13 02:31:00 +00:00
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dashedName: serialization-of-a-user-object
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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---
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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# --description--
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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序列化和反序列化在身份认证中是很重要的概念。 序列化一个对象就是将其内容转换成一个体积很小的 *key*,后续可以通过它反序列化为原始对象。 这样,服务器就可以在用户未登录时识别用户,或者说给这个用户一个唯一标识,用户也不需要在每次访问不同页面时都给服务器发送用户名和密码。
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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我们需要用到序列化和反序列化的方法来进行配置。 passport 为我们提供了 `passport.serializeUser( OURFUNCTION )` 和 `passport.deserializeUser( OURFUNCTION )` 两个方法。
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-06-14 14:47:03 +00:00
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`serializeUser` 方法接收两个参数,分别是表示用户的对象和一个回调函数。 其中,回调函数的返回值应为这个用户的唯一标识符:最简单的写法就是让它返回用户的 `_id`。 它应当是唯一的,是由 MongoDB 产生的。 类似地,`deserializeUser` 也接收两个参数,分别是在序列化时生成的标识符以及一个回调函数。在回调函数里,我们需要根据根据传入的标识符(比如 \_id)返回表示用户的对象。 为了在 MongoDB 中通过 query(查询语句)获取 `_id` 字段,首先我们需要创建 `const ObjectID = require('mongodb').ObjectID;`;然后调用它:`new ObjectID(THE_ID)`。 确保添加 `mongodb@~3.6.0` 作为依赖项。 你可以在下面的例子中看到:
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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```js
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passport.serializeUser((user, done) => {
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done(null, user._id);
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});
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passport.deserializeUser((id, done) => {
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myDataBase.findOne({ _id: new ObjectID(id) }, (err, doc) => {
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done(null, null);
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});
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});
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```
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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因此,在我们在下一步中配置 DB 前,`deserializeUser` 会抛出错误。所以,现在请先注释掉上面的代码,在 `deserializeUser` 中仅调用 `done(null, null)` 即可。
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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完成上述要求后,请提交你的页面链接。 如果你遇到了问题,可以参考 [这里](https://gist.github.com/camperbot/7068a0d09e61ec7424572b366751f048) 的答案。
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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# --hints--
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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应该正确地序列化用户函数。
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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```js
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(getUserInput) =>
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$.get(getUserInput('url') + '/_api/server.js').then(
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(data) => {
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assert.match(
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data,
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/passport.serializeUser/gi,
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'You should have created your passport.serializeUser function'
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);
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assert.match(
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data,
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/null,\s*user._id/gi,
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'There should be a callback in your serializeUser with (null, user._id)'
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);
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},
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(xhr) => {
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throw new Error(xhr.statusText);
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}
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);
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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```
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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应该正确地反序列化用户函数。
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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```js
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(getUserInput) =>
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$.get(getUserInput('url') + '/_api/server.js').then(
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(data) => {
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assert.match(
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data,
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/passport.deserializeUser/gi,
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'You should have created your passport.deserializeUser function'
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);
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assert.match(
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data,
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/null,\s*null/gi,
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'There should be a callback in your deserializeUser with (null, null) for now'
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);
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},
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(xhr) => {
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throw new Error(xhr.statusText);
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}
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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MongoDB 应作为项目的依赖。
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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```js
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(getUserInput) =>
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$.get(getUserInput('url') + '/_api/package.json').then(
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(data) => {
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var packJson = JSON.parse(data);
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assert.property(
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packJson.dependencies,
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'mongodb',
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'Your project should list "mongodb" as a dependency'
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);
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},
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(xhr) => {
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throw new Error(xhr.statusText);
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}
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);
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```
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2020-09-17 10:49:58 +00:00
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2021-03-22 13:52:28 +00:00
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应该正确请求 Mongodb,包括 ObjectId。
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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(getUserInput) =>
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$.get(getUserInput('url') + '/_api/server.js').then(
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(data) => {
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assert.match(
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data,
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/require.*("|')mongodb\1/gi,
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'You should have required mongodb'
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);
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assert.match(
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data,
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/new ObjectID.*id/gi,
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'Even though the block is commented out, you should use new ObjectID(id) for when we add the database'
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);
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},
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(xhr) => {
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throw new Error(xhr.statusText);
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}
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);
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2018-10-10 22:03:03 +00:00
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```
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2020-08-13 15:24:35 +00:00
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2020-12-16 07:37:30 +00:00
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# --solutions--
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2021-01-13 02:31:00 +00:00
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```js
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/**
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Backend challenges don't need solutions,
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because they would need to be tested against a full working project.
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Please check our contributing guidelines to learn more.
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*/
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```
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