90 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Data Structure Arrays
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localeTitle: 数据结构数组
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---
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在内部， `array`是一种数据结构，可以存储相同类型的固定大小的顺序元素集合。 `array`用于存储数据集合，但将`array`视为相同类型的变量集合通常更有用。
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`array`由连续的内存位置组成。最低地址对应于第一个元素，最高地址对应于最后一个元素。
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## C ++中的数组
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C ++提供了一个数据结构`array` ，它存储了相同数据类型的固定大小的顺序元素集合。 `array`用于存储数据集合，但最好将`array`视为相同类型的变量集合。
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#### `array`声明
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```
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int intarray<a href='https://repl.it/CWZE/3' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>10]; // Declares an array of integer type of size 10 with elements having random values. Index ranges from 0 to 9(ie size-1).
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int intarray[10] = { 0 }; // Declares an array of integer of size 10 with all elements having value 0
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// Choose one the two declarations and then move ahead.
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```
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#### 将元素插入`array` ：
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```
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intarray[0] = 1; // Inserts an integer value of 1 at index 0
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intarray[1] = 0; // Inserts an integer value of 0 at index 1
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intarray[2] = -1; // Inserts an integer value of -1 at index 2
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intarray[3] = 1; // Inserts an integer value of 1 at index 3
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```
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#### 打印`array` ：
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```
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std::cout << intarray[0] << std::endl; // Returns 1 which is element at index of the array
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std::cout << intarray[11] << std::endl; // Would give aa "Garbage" value as there is no element at index 11 of array.
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// That memory location is beyond the range of the array.
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// To print all the elements of the array
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for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
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std::cout << intarray[i] << std::endl;
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```
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#### `array`基本操作：
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```
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std::cout << sizeof(intarray)/sizeof(intarray[0]) << std::endl; // Returns the length of the array ie 10.
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std::cout << sizeof(intarray[0]) << std::endl; // Returns length in bytes of one array item ie 4 as it is an integer
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```
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：rocket：\[在Python中运行代码## Arrays Python没有本机`array`数据结构。 Python中的`array`不应与`list`混淆。 Python中`list`和`array`之间的主要区别在于`list`可以具有不同类型的值，而`array`应该具有相同类型的所有值。 #### `array`声明
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```
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from array import array
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intarray = array('i') # Declares an array of integer type
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```
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#### 将元素插入`array` ：
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```
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intarray.append(1) # Inserts an integer value of 1 to the array
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intarray.append(0) # Inserts an integer value of 0 to the array
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intarray.append(-1) # Inserts an integer value of -1 to the array
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intarray.append(1) # Inserts an integer value of 1 to the array
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intarray.append('d') # Would give a TypeError as the array is of integer type.
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#Resolve the above error and then move ahead.
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```
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#### 打印`array` ：
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```
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print(intarray) # Returns array('i', [1, 4, -1])
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print(intarray[0]) # Returns 1 which is the element at index 0 of the array
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print(intarray[3]) # Would give IndexError as there is no element at index 3 of array.
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#Resolve the above error and then move ahead.
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# To print all the elements of the array
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for i in intarray:
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print(i)
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```
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#### `array`基本操作：
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```
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len(intarray) # Returns the length of the array ie 3
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intarray.itemsize # Returns length in bytes of one array item ie 4 as it is an integer
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intarray.count(1) # Returns the number of occurrences of 1 in the array ie 2
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intarray.insert(1, 3) # Insert a new item with value x in the array before position i
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intarray.remove(1) # Remove the first occurrence of 1 from the array
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intarray.reverse() # Reverse the order of the items in the array
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intarray.pop(1) # Removes the item with the index 1 from the array and returns it
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```
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 [运行代码](https://repl.it/CWJB)
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[官方文件](https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/array.html)
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