freeCodeCamp/guide/chinese/go/switch/index.md

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---
title: Switch in Go
localeTitle: 切换到Go
--- # 切换到Go
Go的switch语句是`if`的替代语句。它使用以下语法:
```go
fruit := "apple"
switch fruit {
case "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
case "apple":
fmt.Printf("Red and round.")
case "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and round.")
}
```
该程序的输出将是`Red and round.` 。
首先,我们将变量`fruit`声明为`apple` 。然后我们使用`fruit`变量作为条件表达式。 Go将`fruit`的价值与提供的`cases`进行比较:
* 水果==“香蕉”(假)
* 水果==“苹果”true
注意`lemon`没有经过测试。评估返回true后不再尝试任何案例。
与`if` 您可以在switch的条件表达式中声明临时变量
```go
switch fruit := "apple"; fruit {
case "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
case "apple":
fmt.Printf("Red and round.")
case "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and round.")
}
```
变量`fruit`不会在switch语句之外访问。
## 默认和其他情况
### 默认
`default`关键字是没有其他情况返回true时的后备情况
```go
switch fruit := "grape"; fruit {
case "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
case "apple":
fmt.Printf("Red and round.")
case "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and round.")
default:
fmt.Printf("New fruit: %s!", fruit)
}
```
这个节目的输出将是`New fruit: grape!` 。
### 不同值的相同操作
以逗号分隔的值列表,用于将条件表达式值与相同的操作进行比较。
```go
switch fruit := "lemon"; fruit {
case "banana", "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow fruit.")
default:
fmt.Printf("This fruit is a color different than yellow.")
}
```
产量: `Yellow fruit.`
### 没有表达
没有表达式的`switch true`意味着`switch true` 。这是else-if链的替代版本。
```go
fruit := "banana"
switch {
case fruit == "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
default:
fmt.Printf("This is not a banana.")
}
```
这会计算`true == (fruit == "banana")` simpleiefied to `true == true` 返回true。
### 打破
您可以在switch语句中中断代码以跳过任何更多代码。
```go
appleColor := "green"
switch fruit := "apple"; fruit {
case "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
case "apple":
if appleColor == "green" {
fmt.Printf("This apple is green!")
break
}
fmt.Printf("This apple is tasty!")
case "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and round.")
}
```
输出: `This apple is green!`
### 下通
跳到下一个案例,其条件是否为真。
```go
switch fruit := "banana"; fruit {
case "banana":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and long.")
fallthrough
case "apple":
fmt.Printf("Red and round.")
case "lemon":
fmt.Printf("Yellow and round.")
}
```
输出: `Yellow and long.`和`Red and round.` 。