67 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
67 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Docstring
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localeTitle: 文档字符串
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---
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## 文档字符串
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Docstring是开发人员向其他开发人员传达Python中函数的用途，参数，要求和用法的一种方式。它允许简化代码维护和理解。
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与传统的源代码注释不同，docstring应该描述什么 功能，不是如何。
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与Docstring类似的例子是Java中的@Javadoc。
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Docstring在Python中的声明标题之后写成多行注释。 docstring有4个不同的部分：
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1. 输入类型和输出类型
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* 输入/输出可以是`obj, list, bool, int, str, float`
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2. 功能说明
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* 简要但详尽地描述了您的功能
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3. 要求
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* 这是由人类阅读的，因此不必是代码
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4. 测试用例（通常为2-3）
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一般格式如下。
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## Docstring的格式
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```python
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def my_examplefunc(input_type1, input_type2):
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'''(input_type1, input_type2) -> output_type # Your first line will be the input/output. Remember the space around the arrow!
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Here is a description of my example function # Your second line will be the description
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REQ: type(input_type1) == list # Your next line (or lines) will be the requirements for the input of your function
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REQ: type(input_type2) == str
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>>> my_example_func([2, 3], "Hello World!") # After the requirements come test cases
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[2, 3] "Hello World"
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>>> my_example_func([7, 2], "Another test case") # Your first line of the test case is an example of the usage, prefaced by >>>
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[7, 2] "Another test case" # Your second line of the test case is the output
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>>> my_example_func([5, 6], "Last test case")
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[5, 6] "Last test case"
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'''
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# Your code goes here, underneath the Docstring
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```
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使用示例可以最好地理解Docstring，因此请查看下面的示例程序，如果数字小于5，程序将输出True，如果数字大于5，则输出False。
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## 例1
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```python
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def is_less_than_five(some_number):
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'''(int) -> bool
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Returns True if the given number is less than 5, and False is the given number is greater than 5.
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REQ: some_number != 5
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>>> is_less_than_five(4)
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True
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>>> is_less_than_five(6)
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False
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>>> is_less_than_five(100000)
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False
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'''
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# Your code goes here
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```
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### 一些有用的链接：
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Numpy和Google Docstrings是两种常用的方法：
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* Google：http：//sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example\_google.html
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* Numpy：http：//sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example\_numpy.html 另外，请参阅一些旧的PEP评论：https：//www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/
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