89 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
89 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: CSS3 Media Queries
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---
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## CSS3 Media Queries
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Media Queries allow you to have different styles for different devices/screen sizes. Their introduction in CSS3 has greatly eased the building
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of responsive webpages.
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The best approach when designing a responsive website is to think mobile first; meaning that you create your page starting with the design and content
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of the mobile version. You may think that with some scalable sizes ( %, vw or vh ), your page will adapt perfectly to any device. But it will not. Maybe
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for some very basic design, but certainly not for more common or complex pages!
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When designing your page for smaller devices, you will focus on the main content. On a bigger screen, you will have to adapt some font-sizes, margins,
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paddings and so on in order to keep your site comfortable and readable, but you will also want/need to add more content, the ones you did not judge
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fundamental, and fill in the space created by the screen size.
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The thought process should be:
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1. Which content to show?
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2. How to layout the page?
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3. Which size to use?
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### The basic syntax
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```css
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@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
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p {padding: 30px;}
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}
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```
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The `p` tag will have a padding of 30px as soon as the screen reaches min 768px width.</p>
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### The AND syntax
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```css
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@media only screen and (min-height: 768px) and (orientation: landscape) {
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p {padding: 30px;}
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}
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```
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The `p` tag will have a padding of 30px as soon as the screen reaches min 768px height and its orientation is landscape.
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### The OR syntax
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```css
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@media only screen and (min-width: 768px), (min-resolution: 150dpi) {
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p {padding: 30px;}
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}
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```
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The `p` tag will have a padding of 30px as soon as the screen reaches min 768px width or its resolution reaches min 150dpi.
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### And beyond!
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There are more operators beyond the main two, a full list with examples can be found [https://css-tricks.com/logic-in-media-queries/](in this article from CSS Tricks.)
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Beyond the core uses of media queries for mobile-first web design shown above, media queries can do a lot, especially for web accessibility. Here are just a few examples:
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1. Adjusting for screen readers that convert website text to speech for the visually impaired (for example, ignoring non-essential text).
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```css
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@media speech {
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/* ... */
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}
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```
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2. Allowing for more graceful zooming in for the minorly visually impaired, such as many elderly people.
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3. Allowing smoother experiences for those who prefer or need less animation to read a page.
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```css
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@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
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.animation {
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animation: none;
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-webkit-animation: none;
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}
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}
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```
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4. Restyling a page for when it's printed as opposed to read on a screen.
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```css
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@media print {
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/* ... */
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}
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```
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### More Information
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* [MDN - media queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries)
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* [W3 Schools - @media rule](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css3_pr_mediaquery.asp)
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* [CSS Tricks Standard Device Widths Article](https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/media-queries-for-standard-devices/)
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* [Ethan Marcotte A List Apart Atricle on Responsive Web Design](https://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design)
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* [Brad Frost 7 habits of highly effective media queries](http://bradfrost.com/blog/post/7-habits-of-highly-effective-media-queries/)
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* [How to make media queries work on older browsers](https://www.templatemonster.com/blog/css-media-queries-for-all-devices-and-browsers-including-ie7-and-ie8/)
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