added code of kmp algorithm in index.md (#22293)

* added code of kmp algorithm in index.md

* format codeblock to c++?

I think this is c++, but I'm not positive.
pull/22333/head^2
Manish kumar chaurasia 2018-11-20 19:11:27 +05:30 committed by Tom
parent 77246a193d
commit 112c90c4ed
1 changed files with 78 additions and 1 deletions

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@ -53,6 +53,83 @@ How to use lps[] to decide next positions (or to know a number of characters to
- From above two points, we can conclude that we do not need to match these lps[j-1] characters with txt[i-j…i-1] because we know that these characters will anyway match. Let us consider above example to understand this.
<br>
### Code Of KMP Algorithm in C++
```cpp
void computeLPSArray(char* pat, int M, int* lps)
{
// length of the previous longest prefix suffix
int len = 0;
lps[0] = 0; // lps[0] is always 0
// the loop calculates lps[i] for i = 1 to M-1
int i = 1;
while (i < M) {
if (pat[i] == pat[len]) {
len++;
lps[i] = len;
i++;
}
else // (pat[i] != pat[len])
{
// This is tricky. Consider the example.
// AAACAAAA and i = 7. The idea is similar
// to search step.
if (len != 0) {
len = lps[len - 1];
// Also, note that we do not increment
// i here
}
else // if (len == 0)
{
lps[i] = 0;
i++;
}
}
}
}
```
```cpp
void KMPSearch(char* pat, char* txt)
{
int M = strlen(pat);
int N = strlen(txt);
// create lps[] that will hold the longest prefix suffix
// values for pattern
int lps[M];
// Preprocess the pattern (calculate lps[] array)
computeLPSArray(pat, M, lps);
int i = 0; // index for txt[]
int j = 0; // index for pat[]
while (i < N) {
if (pat[j] == txt[i]) {
j++;
i++;
}
if (j == M) {
printf("Found pattern at index %d ", i - j);
j = lps[j - 1];
}
// mismatch after j matches
else if (i < N && pat[j] != txt[i]) {
// Do not match lps[0..lps[j-1]] characters,
// they will match anyway
if (j != 0)
j = lps[j - 1];
else
i = i + 1;
}
}
}
```
**More Infromation :**
- [kmp algorithm for pattern searching](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/kmp-algorithm-for-pattern-searching/)
- [KnuthMorrisPratt algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm)
- [KnuthMorrisPratt algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm)