--- title: Docstring localeTitle: 文档字符串 --- ## 文档字符串 Docstring是开发人员向其他开发人员传达Python中函数的用途,参数,要求和用法的一种方式。它允许简化代码维护和理解。 与传统的源代码注释不同,docstring应该描述什么 功能,不是如何。 与Docstring类似的例子是Java中的@Javadoc。 Docstring在Python中的声明标题之后写成多行注释。 docstring有4个不同的部分: 1. 输入类型和输出类型 * 输入/输出可以是`obj, list, bool, int, str, float` 2. 功能说明 * 简要但详尽地描述了您的功能 3. 要求 * 这是由人类阅读的,因此不必是代码 4. 测试用例(通常为2-3) 一般格式如下。 ## Docstring的格式 ```python def my_examplefunc(input_type1, input_type2): '''(input_type1, input_type2) -> output_type # Your first line will be the input/output. Remember the space around the arrow! Here is a description of my example function # Your second line will be the description REQ: type(input_type1) == list # Your next line (or lines) will be the requirements for the input of your function REQ: type(input_type2) == str >>> my_example_func([2, 3], "Hello World!") # After the requirements come test cases [2, 3] "Hello World" >>> my_example_func([7, 2], "Another test case") # Your first line of the test case is an example of the usage, prefaced by >>> [7, 2] "Another test case" # Your second line of the test case is the output >>> my_example_func([5, 6], "Last test case") [5, 6] "Last test case" ''' # Your code goes here, underneath the Docstring ``` 使用示例可以最好地理解Docstring,因此请查看下面的示例程序,如果数字小于5,程序将输出True,如果数字大于5,则输出False。 ## 例1 ```python def is_less_than_five(some_number): '''(int) -> bool Returns True if the given number is less than 5, and False is the given number is greater than 5. REQ: some_number != 5 >>> is_less_than_five(4) True >>> is_less_than_five(6) False >>> is_less_than_five(100000) False ''' # Your code goes here ``` ### 一些有用的链接: Numpy和Google Docstrings是两种常用的方法: * Google:http://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example\_google.html * Numpy:http://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example\_numpy.html 另外,请参阅一些旧的PEP评论:https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/