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title | localeTitle |
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SQL LIKE Operator | SQL LIKE运算符 |
SQL LIKE运算符
LIKE运营商定义
LIKE
运算符用于WHERE
或HAVING
(作为GROUP BY
一部分),以便在列中包含特定字符模式时将所选行限制为项。
本指南将演示:
- 确定字符串是否以给定的字符串模式开始或结束
- 确定字符串中间是否存在模式
- 确定字符串中是否包含字符串
列以给定的字符串模式开始或结束
此SQL将选择FullName
以“Monique”开头或以“Greene”结尾的学生。
SELECT studentID, FullName, sat_score, rcd_updated
FROM student
WHERE
FullName LIKE 'Monique%' OR -- note the % at the end but not the beginning
FullName LIKE '%Greene'; -- note the % at the beginning but not the end
+-----------+---------------+-----------+---------------------+
| studentID | FullName | sat_score | rcd_updated |
+-----------+---------------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | Monique Davis | 400 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 5 | Alvin Greene | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
+-----------+---------------+-----------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符串模式位于列的中间
此SQL将选择名称中包含“ree”的学生。
SELECT studentID, FullName, sat_score, rcd_updated
FROM student
WHERE FullName LIKE '%ree%'; -- note the % at the beginning AND at the end
+-----------+----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| studentID | FullName | sat_score | rcd_updated |
+-----------+----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| 5 | Alvin Greene | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 6 | Sophie Freeman | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
+-----------+----------------+-----------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符串不在列中
您可以在LIKE之前放置“NOT”以使用字符串模式排除行而不是选择它们。 此SQL排除FullName列中包含“cer Pau”和“Ted”的记录。
SELECT studentID, FullName, sat_score, rcd_updated
FROM student
WHERE FullName NOT LIKE '%cer Pau%' AND FullName NOT LIKE '%"Ted"%';
+-----------+----------------------+-----------+---------------------+
| studentID | FullName | sat_score | rcd_updated |
+-----------+----------------------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | Monique Davis | 400 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 2 | Teri Gutierrez | 800 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 4 | Louis Ramsey | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 5 | Alvin Greene | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 6 | Sophie Freeman | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 |
| 8 | Donald D. Chamberlin | 2400 | 2017-08-16 15:35:33 |
| 9 | Raymond F. Boyce | 2400 | 2017-08-16 15:35:33 |
+-----------+----------------------+-----------+---------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以下是与上面的where子句结果集进行比较的当前完整学生列表。
SELECT studentID, FullName, sat_score, rcd_updated FROM student;
```文本 + ----------- + ------------------------ + ----------- + --------------------- + | studentID | FullName |坐_得分| rcd_更新了| + ----------- + ------------------------ + ----------- + --------------------- + | 1 |莫妮克戴维斯| 400 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 2 | Teri Gutierrez | 800 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 3 | Spencer Pautier | 1000 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 4 |路易斯拉姆齐| 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 5 | Alvin Greene | 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 6 |索菲弗里曼| 1200 | 2017-08-16 15:34:50 | | 7 |埃德加弗兰克“特德”科德| 2400 | 2017-08-16 15:35:33 | | 8 |唐纳德D. Chamberlin | 2400 | 2017-08-16 15:35:33 | | 9 |雷蒙德F.博伊斯| 2400 | 2017-08-16 15:35:33 | + ----------- + ------------------------ + ----------- + --------------------- + 9行(0.00秒)