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Operators |
Operators in C
1. Arithmetic Operators
+
Adds to operands (values)int a = 6; int c = a + 1; // c = 7
-
Subtracts the second operand from the firstint a = 8; int b = 9; int c = a - b; // c = -1
*
Multiplies two operandsint a = 8; int b = 9; int c = a * b; // c = 72
/
Divides the first operand by the secondint a = 8; int b = 4; int c = a / b; // c = 2
%
Gives the remainder after an integer divisionint a = 8; int b = 9; int c = b % a; // c = 1 because b = 1*a + 1 = 8 + 1
++
Increases int value by oneint a = 8; a++; // a = 9 int b = a++; // postfix operator; a = 10, b = 9 int c = ++a; // prefix operator; a = 11, c = 11
--
Decreases int value by oneint a = 8; a--; // a = 7 int b = a--; // postfix operator; a = 6, b = 7 int c = --a; // prefix operator; a = 5, c = 5
// C Program to demonstrate the working of arithmetic operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 9,b = 4, c;
c = a+b;
printf("a+b = %d \n",c);
c = a-b;
printf("a-b = %d \n",c);
c = a*b;
printf("a*b = %d \n",c);
c=a/b;
printf("a/b = %d \n",c);
c=a%b;
printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c);
return 0;
}
2. Relational Operators
==
Equal - true when the two operands are equalint a = 5, b = 5; bool c = (a == b); // c = true
!=
Not equal - true when the two operands are NOT equalint a = 5, b = 6; bool c = (a != b); // c = true
>
Greater than - True when first operand is bigger than the second.int a = 8, b = 5; bool c = (a > b); // c = true
<
Less than - True when the first operand is smaller then the second.int a = 5, b = 8; bool c = (a < b); // c = true
>=
Greater than or equal - True when the first operand is bigger, or equal to the second.int a = 8, b = 5; bool c = (a >= b); // c = true bool d = (a >= 8); // d = true
<=
Less than or equal - True when the first operand is smaller or equal to the second.int a = 5, b = 8; bool c = (a <= b); // c = true
3. Logical Operators
&&
AND operator - True when both of the operands are true.bool c = (5 < 6) && (8!=7); // both operands true, therefore c = true
||
OR operator - True when either the first or the second operands are true (or both)bool c = (5 < 6) || (8 == 7) // first operand is true, therefore c = true
!
NOT operator - True when the operand is false.bool c = !(8 == 7) // translate: NOT (false), therefore c = true
4. Bitwise Operators
&
AND operator - If at a place there is a bit in both operands, then it is copied to the resultA = 11001 B = 01000 RESULT = 01000
|
OR operator - If at a place there is a bit in either operands, then it is copied to the resultA = 11001 B = 01000 RESULT = 11001
^
XOR (exclusive OR) operator - If at a place there is a bit in one of the operands (not both), then it is copied to the resultA = 11001 B = 01000 RESULT = 10001
~
Negation operator - Reverses the bits. 1 -> 0, 0 -> 1C = 01000 RESULT = 10111
<<
Left shift operator - The left operand is moved left by as many bits, as the right operandA = 11001 A << 2 RESULT = 00100
>>
Right shift operator - The left operand is moved right by as many bits, as the right operandA = 11001 A >> 2 RESULT = 00110
5. Assignment Operators
=
int a = 7; // 'a' is going to be equal to 7
+=
int a = 7; a += 5; // equivalent to a = a + 5 = 7 + 5 = 12
-=
int a = 7; a -= 2; // equivalent to a = a - 2 = 7 - 2 = 5
*=
int a = 7; a *= 3; // equivalent to a = a * 3 = 7 * 3 = 21
/=
int a = 21; a /= 3; // equivalent to a = a / 3 = 21 / 3 = 7
%=
int a = 21; a %= 5; // equivalent to a = a % 5 = 21 % 5 = 1
Misc Operators ↦ sizeof & ternary Besides the operators discussed above, there are a few other important operators including sizeof and ? : supported by the C Language.
Operator Description Example sizeof() Returns the size of a variable. sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return 4. & Returns the address of a variable. &a; returns the actual address of the variable.
-
Pointer to a variable. *a;
? : Conditional Expression. If Condition is true ? then value X : otherwise value Y
6. Operator precedence in C
Operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the list. Within an expression, operators with higher precedence will be evaluated first.
- Postfix
() [] -> . ++ --
- Unary
+ - ! ~ ++ -- (type)* & sizeof
- Multiplicative
* / %
- Additive
+ -
- Shift
<< >>
- Relational
< <= > >=
- Equality
== !=
- Bitwise AND
&
- Bitwise XOR
^
- Bitwise OR
|
- Logical AND
&&
- Logical OR
||
- Conditional
?:
- Assignment
= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |=
- Comma
,