221 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
221 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Url Encoding Reference
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---
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## Url Encoding Reference
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A URL is an address for a website. Just like postal addresses have to follow a specific format to be understood by the postman, URLS have to follow a format to be understood and get you to the right location.
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There are only certain characters that are allowed in the URL string, alphabetic characters, numerals, and a few characters `; , / ? : @ & = + $ - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) #` that can have special meanings.
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#### Reserved Characters:
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| Character | Meaning |
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| --- | --- |
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| : | Separate protocol (http) from address |
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| / | Separate domain and directories |
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| # | Separate anchors |
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| ? | Separate query string |
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| & | Separate query elements |
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| @ | Separate username and password from domain |
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| % | Indicates an encoded character |
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| + | Indicates a space |
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#### Encoding:
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Any character that is not an alphabetic character, a number, or a reserved character being used needs to be encoded.
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URLs use the ASCII ("American Standard Code for Information Interchange") character-set and so encoding must be to a valid ASCII format.
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There are functions in most web languages to do this encoding for you, for example in JavaScript `encodeURI()` and in PHP `rawurlencode()`.
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| Character | Encoded |
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| --- | --- |
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| space | %20 |
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| ! | %21 |
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| " | %22 |
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| # | %23 |
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| $ | %24 |
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| % | %25 |
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| & | %26 |
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| ' | %27 |
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| ( | %28 |
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| ) | %29 |
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| * | %2A |
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| + | %2B |
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| , | %2C |
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| - | %2D |
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| . | %2E |
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| / | %2F |
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| 0 | %30 |
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| 1 | %31 |
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| 2 | %32 |
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| 3 | %33 |
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| 4 | %34 |
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| 5 | %35 |
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| 6 | %36 |
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| 7 | %37 |
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| 8 | %38 |
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| 9 | %39 |
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| : | %3A |
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| ; | %3B |
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| < | %3C |
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| = | %3D |
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| > | %3E |
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| ? | %3F |
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| @ | %40 |
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| A | %41 |
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| B | %42 |
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| C | %43 |
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| D | %44 |
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| E | %45 |
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| F | %46 |
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| G | %47 |
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| H | %48 |
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| I | %49 |
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| J | %4A |
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| K | %4B |
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| L | %4C |
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| M | %4D |
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| N | %4E |
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| O | %4F |
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| P | %50 |
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| Q | %51 |
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| R | %52 |
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| S | %53 |
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| T | %54 |
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| U | %55 |
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| V | %56 |
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| W | %57 |
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| X | %58 |
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| Y | %59 |
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| Z | %5A |
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| [ | %5B |
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| \ | %5C |
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| ] | %5D |
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| ^ | %5E |
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| _ | %5F |
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| ` | %60 |
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| a | %61 |
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| b | %62 |
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| c | %63 |
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| d | %64 |
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| e | %65 |
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| f | %66 |
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| g | %67 |
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| h | %68 |
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| i | %69 |
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| j | %6A |
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| k | %6B |
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| l | %6C |
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| m | %6D |
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| n | %6E |
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| o | %6F |
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| p | %70 |
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| q | %71 |
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| r | %72 |
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| s | %73 |
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| t | %74 |
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| u | %75 |
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| v | %76 |
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| w | %77 |
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| x | %78 |
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| y | %79 |
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| z | %7A |
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| { | %7B |
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| | | %7C |
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| } | %7D |
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| ~ | %7E |
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| ¢ | %A2 |
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| £ | %A3 |
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| ¥ | %A5 |
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| | | %A6 |
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| § | %A7 |
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| « | %AB |
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| ¬ | %AC |
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| ¯ | %AD |
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| º | %B0 |
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| ± | %B1 |
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| ª | %B2 |
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| , | %B4 |
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| µ | %B5 |
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| » | %BB |
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| ¼ | %BC |
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| ½ | %BD |
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| ¿ | %BF |
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| À | %C0 |
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| Á | %C1 |
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| Â | %C2 |
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| Ã | %C3 |
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| Ä | %C4 |
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| Å | %C5 |
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| Æ | %C6 |
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| Ç | %C7 |
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| È | %C8 |
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| É | %C9 |
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| Ê | %CA |
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| Ë | %CB |
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| Ì | %CC |
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| Í | %CD |
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| Î | %CE |
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| Ï | %CF |
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| Ð | %D0 |
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| Ñ | %D1 |
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| Ò | %D2 |
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| Ó | %D3 |
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| Ô | %D4 |
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| Õ | %D5 |
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| Ö | %D6 |
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| Ø | %D8 |
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| Ù | %D9 |
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| Ú | %DA |
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| Û | %DB |
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| Ü | %DC |
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| Ý | %DD |
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| Þ | %DE |
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| ß | %DF |
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| à | %E0 |
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| á | %E1 |
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| â | %E2 |
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| ã | %E3 |
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| ä | %E4 |
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| å | %E5 |
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| æ | %E6 |
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| ç | %E7 |
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| è | %E8 |
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| é | %E9 |
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| ê | %EA |
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| ë | %EB |
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| ì | %EC |
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| í | %ED |
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| î | %EE |
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| ï | %EF |
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| ð | %F0 |
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| ñ | %F1 |
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| ò | %F2 |
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| ó | %F3 |
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| ô | %F4 |
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| õ | %F5 |
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| ö | %F6 |
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| ÷ | %F7 |
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| ø | %F8 |
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| ù | %F9 |
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| ú | %FA |
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| û | %FB |
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| ü | %FC |
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| ý | %FD |
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| þ | %FE |
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| ÿ | %FF |
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#### Example:
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```js
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encodeURI(Free Code Camp);
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// Free%20Code%20Camp
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```
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#### More Information:
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[MDN encodeURI()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURI)
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[HTML URL Encoding Reference](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp)
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