74 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
74 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Freecodecamp Algorithm Binary Search Guide
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localeTitle: Freecodecamp算法二进制搜索指南
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---
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二进制搜索是一种搜索算法,用于查找已排序数组中目标值的位置。
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## 例
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![二进制搜索](//discourse-user-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/original/2X/3/3cb9e4cc59081e1b0a19b716dbcfb6df97ac2b52.png)
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上图显示了当目标值为**4**时二进制搜索算法在排序数组上的工作情况。
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## 算法
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二进制搜索适用于已排序的数组。二进制搜索首先将数组的中间元素与目标值进行比较。如果目标值与中间元素匹配,则返回其在数组中的位置。如果目标值小于或大于中间元素,则搜索分别使用新的中间元素继续数组的下半部分或上半部分,从而消除另一半。
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二进制搜索算法的伪代码如下:
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```
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BinarySearch(A<a href='https://repl.it/CWZq/158' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>0..N-1], value) {
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low = 0
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high = N - 1
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while (low <= high) {
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// invariants: value > A[i] for all i < low
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value < A[i] for all i > high
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mid = (low + high) / 2
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if (A[mid] > value)
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high = mid - 1
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else if (A[mid] < value)
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low = mid + 1
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else
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return mid
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}
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return not_found // value would be inserted at index "low"
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}
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```
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## 复杂
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* 最差案例表现: **O(log n)**
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* 最佳案例表现: **O(1)**
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* 平均案例表现: **O(log n)**
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* 最坏的案例空间复杂度: **O(1)**用于迭代; **O(log n)**用于递归。
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## C ++实现
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```
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int binarySearch(int arr[], int value, int left, int right) {
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int middle;
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while (left <= right) {
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middle = (left + right) / 2;
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if (arr[middle] == value)
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return middle;
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else if (arr[middle] > value)
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right = middle - 1;
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else
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left = middle + 1;
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}
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return -1;
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}
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```
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:rocket:\[运行代码## Python实现
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```
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def binary_search(l, value):
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low = 0
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high = len(l)-1
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while low <= high:
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mid = (low+high)//2
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if l<a href='https://forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/rocket.png?v=3 ":rocket:"' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>mid] > value: high = mid-1
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elif l[mid] < value: low = mid+1
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else: return mid
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return -1
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```
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![:rocket:](https://forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/rocket.png?v=3 ":火箭:") [运行代码](https://repl.it/CWZi/2) |