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Dark Patterns
Dark Patterns are common patterns used to deceive the users of a website or web application.
Examples include:
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Bait and Switch – A user sets out to do one thing, but a different, undesirable thing happens instead.
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[Disguised Ads] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/disguised-ads) – Adverts disguised as other kinds of content or navigation, in order to get users to click on them.
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[Forced Continuity] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/forced-continuity) – Silently charging a user's credit card without warning at the end of a free trial.
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[Friend Spam] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/friend-spam) – A website or app asks for a user's email or social media permissions under the pretence it will be used for a desirable outcome (e.g. finding friends), but then spams all the user's contacts in a message that claims to be from that user.
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[Hidden Costs] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/hidden-costs) – At the last step of a checkout process, only to discover some unexpected charges appear, e.g. delivery charges, tax, etc. that were not disclosed prior to processing the user's payment.
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[Misdirection] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/misdirection) – The design purposefully focuses a users' attention on one thing in order to distract their attention from another.
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[Price Comparison Prevention] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/price-comparison-prevention) – An online retailer makes it hard for visitor's to compare the price of an item with another item, so they cannot make an informed decision.
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[Privacy Zuckering] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/privacy-zuckering) – Users are tricked into publicly sharing more information about themselves than they really intended to. Named after Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.
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[Roach Motel] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/roach-motel) – The design makes it very easy for users to get into a certain situation, but then makes it hard for them to get out of it (e.g. a subscription).
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[Sneak Into Basket] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/sneak-into-basket) – A user attempts to purchase something, but somewhere in the purchasing journey the site sneaks an additional item into their basket, often through the use of an opt-out radio button or checkbox on a prior page.
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[Trick Questions] (https://darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/trick-questions) – Users are made to respond to a question, which, when glanced upon quickly appears to ask one thing, but if read carefully, asks another thing entirely.
A catalog of Dark Patterns along with a continuously updated list of real-world examples is mainatained at [darkpatterns.org] (https://darkpatterns.org).