3.2 KiB
3.2 KiB
title |
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Set |
A set data structure in c++ is defined the same way a set is defined in the context of mathematics.
More formally speaking, Sets are a type of associative containers in which each element has to be unique.
- The value of the element cannot be modified once it is entered, although deleting an element and inserting a new element is allowed, the same way we do in mathenatics.
- Set data sructure can be used to model, well, sets itself. It becomes easy to find intersections, unions etc.
- Similar to vector, but only unique values are allowed.
- Set arranges the elements in increasing order as and when you insert elements into the set.
The header file required for using the set data structure is 'set'. i.e, #include<set>
must be there in your code for you to use the set data structure.
Pro tip:- Use #include<bits/stdc++.h>
to include all C++ data structures and functions, instead of adding them one by one.
Some of the functions that can be performed with a set:-
- begin() – Returns an iterator to the first element in the set
- end() – Returns an iterator to the theoretical element that follows last element in the set
- size() – Returns the number of elements in the set
- max_size() – Returns the maximum number of elements that the set can hold
- empty() – Returns whether the set is empty
- erase(const g)- Removes the value ‘g’ from the set
- clear() – Removes all the elements from the set
Let us look at an example :-
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
set <int> myset; //an empty set container. Note that size of the set need not be declared, similar to vector.
// insert elements in random order
myset.insert(65);
myset.insert(30);
myset.insert(80);
myset.insert(20);
myset.insert(9);
myset.insert(9); // only one 9 will be added to the list.
// printing set myset
set <int> :: iterator itr; //an iterator is like a pointer.
cout << "\nThe contents of myset : ";
for (itr = myset.begin(); itr != myset.end(); ++itr)
{
cout << '\t' << *itr;
}
cout << endl;
// remove all elements up to 65 in myset from the beginning:-
cout << "\nContents of myset after removal of elements less than 30 : ";
myset.erase(myset.begin(), myset.find(30));
for (itr = myset.begin(); itr != myset.end(); ++itr)
{
cout << '\t' << *itr;
}
// remove element with value 50 in myset
int num = myset.erase(80); //returns true (and deletes) if 80 is there in the list else returns 0.
cout<<"\n\n After doing myset.erase(80), "<<num<<" element is removed\n\n";
cout<<"Contents of the modified set:\t";
for (itr = myset.begin(); itr != myset.end(); ++itr)
{
cout << '\t' << *itr;
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:-
The contents of myset : 9 20 30 65 80
Contents of myset after removal of elements less than 30 : 30 65 80
After doing myset.erase(80), 1 element is removed
Contents of the modified set: 30 65