107 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
107 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036180
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title: Optimize Re-Renders with shouldComponentUpdate
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challengeType: 6
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isRequired: false
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videoUrl: ''
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localeTitle: 使用shouldComponentUpdate优化重新渲染
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---
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## Description
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<section id="description">到目前为止，如果任何组件接收到新的<code>state</code>或新的<code>props</code> ，它会重新呈现自己及其所有子项。这通常没问题。但是React提供了一个生命周期方法，您可以在子组件接收新<code>state</code>或<code>props</code>时调用它，并特别声明组件是否应该更新。方法是<code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code> ，它将<code>nextProps</code>和<code>nextState</code>作为参数。此方法是优化性能的有用方法。例如，默认行为是您的组件在收到新<code>props</code>时重新渲染，即使<code>props</code>未更改。您可以使用<code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>通过比较<code>props</code>来防止这种情况。该方法必须返回一个<code>boolean</code>值，告诉React是否更新组件。您可以将当前道具（ <code>this.props</code> ）与下一个道具（ <code>nextProps</code> ）进行比较，以确定是否需要更新，并相应地返回<code>true</code>或<code>false</code> 。 </section>
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## Instructions
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<section id="instructions"> <code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>方法添加到名为<code>OnlyEvens</code>的组件中。目前，此方法返回<code>true</code>因此每次收到新<code>props</code>时， <code>OnlyEvens</code>重新渲染。修改方法，以便<code>OnlyEvens</code>更新仅当<code>value</code>的新道具的是偶数。单击“ <code>Add</code>按钮，在触发其他生命周期挂钩时，在浏览器控制台中查看事件的顺序。 </section>
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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- text: <code>Controller</code>组件应将<code>OnlyEvens</code>组件呈现为<code>OnlyEvens</code>组件。
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testString: 'assert((() => { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); return mockedComponent.find("Controller").length === 1 && mockedComponent.find("OnlyEvens").length === 1; })(), "The <code>Controller</code> component should render the <code>OnlyEvens</code> component as a child.");'
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- text: 应该在<code>OnlyEvens</code>组件上定义<code>shouldComponentUpdate</code>方法。
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testString: 'assert((() => { const child = React.createElement(OnlyEvens).type.prototype.shouldComponentUpdate.toString().replace(/s/g,""); return child !== "undefined"; })(), "The <code>shouldComponentUpdate</code> method should be defined on the <code>OnlyEvens</code> component.");'
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- text: <code>OnlyEvens</code>组件应返回一个<code>h1</code>标记，该标记呈现<code>this.props.value</code>的值。
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testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 1000 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find("h1").html()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 10 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find("h1").html()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); assert(firstValue === "<h1>1000</h1>" && secondValue === "<h1>10</h1>", "The <code>OnlyEvens</code> component should return an <code>h1</code> tag which renders the value of <code>this.props.value</code>."); }; '
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- text: <code>OnlyEvens</code>只有在<code>nextProps.value</code>为偶数<code>OnlyEvens</code>应该重新渲染。
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testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 8 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find("h1").text()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 7 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find("h1").text()); }; const third = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 42 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find("h1").text()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); const thirdValue = await third(); assert(firstValue === "8" && secondValue === "8" && thirdValue === "42", "<code>OnlyEvens</code> should re-render only when <code>nextProps.value</code> is even."); }; '
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='jsx-seed'>
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```jsx
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class OnlyEvens extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {
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console.log('Should I update?');
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// change code below this line
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return true;
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// change code above this line
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}
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componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {
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console.log('Receiving new props...');
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}
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componentDidUpdate() {
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console.log('Component re-rendered.');
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}
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render() {
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return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>
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}
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};
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class Controller extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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value: 0
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};
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this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this);
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}
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addValue() {
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this.setState({
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value: this.state.value + 1
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});
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button>
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<OnlyEvens value={this.state.value}/>
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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</div>
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### After Test
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<div id='jsx-teardown'>
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```js
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console.info('after the test');
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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```js
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// solution required
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```
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</section>
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