freeCodeCamp

3.7 KiB

Raw Blame History

id	title	challengeType	forumTopicId
587d7dbd367417b2b2512bb6	Create Reusable CSS with Mixins	0	301455

Description

In Sass, a mixin is a group of CSS declarations that can be reused throughout the style sheet. Newer CSS features take time before they are fully adopted and ready to use in all browsers. As features are added to browsers, CSS rules using them may need vendor prefixes. Consider "box-shadow":

div {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #fff;
  -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #fff;
  -ms-box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #fff;
  box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #fff;
}

It's a lot of typing to re-write this rule for all the elements that have a box-shadow, or to change each value to test different effects. Mixins are like functions for CSS. Here is how to write one:

@mixin box-shadow($x, $y, $blur, $c){ 
  -webkit-box-shadow: $x, $y, $blur, $c;
  -moz-box-shadow: $x, $y, $blur, $c;
  -ms-box-shadow: $x, $y, $blur, $c;
  box-shadow: $x, $y, $blur, $c;
}

The definition starts with @mixin followed by a custom name. The parameters (the $x, $y, $blur, and $c in the example above) are optional. Now any time a box-shadow rule is needed, only a single line calling the mixin replaces having to type all the vendor prefixes. A mixin is called with the @include directive:

div {
  @include box-shadow(0px, 0px, 4px, #fff);
}

Instructions

Write a mixin for border-radius and give it a $radius parameter. It should use all the vendor prefixes from the example. Then use the border-radius mixin to give the #awesome element a border radius of 15px.

Tests

tests:
  - text: Your code should declare a mixin named <code>border-radius</code> which has a parameter named <code>$radius</code>.
    testString: assert(code.match(/@mixin\s+?border-radius\s*?\(\s*?\$radius\s*?\)\s*?{/gi));
  - text: Your code should include the <code>-webkit-border-radius</code> vender prefix that uses the <code>$radius</code> parameter.
    testString: assert(code.match(/-webkit-border-radius:\s*?\$radius;/gi));
  - text: Your code should include the <code>-moz-border-radius</code> vender prefix that uses the <code>$radius</code> parameter.
    testString: assert(code.match(/-moz-border-radius:\s*?\$radius;/gi));
  - text: Your code should include the <code>-ms-border-radius</code> vender prefix that uses the <code>$radius</code> parameter.
    testString: assert(code.match(/-ms-border-radius:\s*?\$radius;/gi));
  - text: Your code should include the general <code>border-radius</code> rule that uses the <code>$radius</code> parameter.
    testString: assert(code.match(/border-radius:\s*?\$radius;/gi).length == 4);
  - text: Your code should call the <code>border-radius mixin</code> using the <code>@include</code> keyword, setting it to 15px.
    testString: assert(code.match(/@include\s+?border-radius\(\s*?15px\s*?\);/gi));

Challenge Seed

<style type='text/sass'>



  #awesome {
    width: 150px;
    height: 150px;
    background-color: green;

  }
</style>

<div id="awesome"></div>

Solution

<style type='text/sass'>
  @mixin border-radius($radius) {
    -webkit-border-radius: $radius;
    -moz-border-radius: $radius;
    -ms-border-radius: $radius;
    border-radius: $radius;
  }

  #awesome {
    width: 150px;
    height: 150px;
    background-color: green;
    @include border-radius(15px);
  }
</style>

<div id="awesome"></div>

3.7 KiB Raw Blame History