freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/english/03-front-end-libraries/redux/use-the-spread-operator-on-...

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---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036159
title: Use the Spread Operator on Arrays
challengeType: 6
forumTopicId: 301452
---
# --description--
One solution from ES6 to help enforce state immutability in Redux is the spread operator: `...`. The spread operator has a variety of applications, one of which is well-suited to the previous challenge of producing a new array from an existing array. This is relatively new, but commonly used syntax. For example, if you have an array `myArray` and write:
`let newArray = [...myArray];`
`newArray` is now a clone of `myArray`. Both arrays still exist separately in memory. If you perform a mutation like `newArray.push(5)`, `myArray` doesn't change. The `...` effectively *spreads* out the values in `myArray` into a new array. To clone an array but add additional values in the new array, you could write `[...myArray, 'new value']`. This would return a new array composed of the values in `myArray` and the string `'new value'` as the last value. The spread syntax can be used multiple times in array composition like this, but it's important to note that it only makes a shallow copy of the array. That is to say, it only provides immutable array operations for one-dimensional arrays.
# --instructions--
Use the spread operator to return a new copy of state when a to-do is added.
# --hints--
The Redux store should exist and initialize with a state equal to `[Do not mutate state!]`.
```js
assert(
(function () {
const initialState = store.getState();
return (
Array.isArray(initialState) === true &&
initialState[0] === 'Do not mutate state!'
);
})()
);
```
`addToDo` and `immutableReducer` both should be functions.
```js
assert(typeof addToDo === 'function' && typeof immutableReducer === 'function');
```
Dispatching an action of type `ADD_TO_DO` on the Redux store should add a `todo` item and should NOT mutate state.
```js
assert(
(function () {
const initialState = store.getState();
const isFrozen = DeepFreeze(initialState);
store.dispatch(addToDo('__TEST__TO__DO__'));
const finalState = store.getState();
const expectedState = ['Do not mutate state!', '__TEST__TO__DO__'];
return isFrozen && DeepEqual(finalState, expectedState);
})()
);
```
The spread operator should be used to return new state.
```js
(getUserInput) => assert(getUserInput('index').includes('...state'));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```js
const immutableReducer = (state = ['Do not mutate state!'], action) => {
switch(action.type) {
case 'ADD_TO_DO':
// Don't mutate state here or the tests will fail
return
default:
return state;
}
};
const addToDo = (todo) => {
return {
type: 'ADD_TO_DO',
todo
}
}
const store = Redux.createStore(immutableReducer);
```
# --solutions--
```js
const immutableReducer = (state = ['Do not mutate state!'], action) => {
switch(action.type) {
case 'ADD_TO_DO':
return [
...state,
action.todo
];
default:
return state;
}
};
const addToDo = (todo) => {
return {
type: 'ADD_TO_DO',
todo
}
}
const store = Redux.createStore(immutableReducer);
```