55 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
55 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Version Control System
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---
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## Version Control System
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Version control systems (VCS), also called Source Code Management (SCM), are tools used to track changes on files, manage version and ease collaborative file editing.
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There are mainly 2 types of VCS:
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- Centralized Version Control System
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Where a central repository is authoritative. The associate architecture is client/server.
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The first VCS (CVS, SVN...) were Centralized Version Control System.
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- Distributed Version Control System
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Where multiple repository exchange modification. The associate architecture is mostly peer to peer, but one repo can be declared as authoritative.
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The most used modern VCS (Git, Mercurial...) are Distributed Version Control System.
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### Why use it?
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- **Changes history** - VCS enable the user to browse and search all the changes which are automatically recorded with useful information (date, author...) and
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- **Versions/tags** - The user can search/retrieve specific state of the files that have been labeled with tags and version names
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- **Branching/Merging** - Distributed Version Control System make it easy to maintain parallel branch of files and to merge them partially or totally when needed.
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- **Atomic operations** - All modern VCS provide atomic operations: All modifications are guaranteed to succeed or fail as whole which ensure that the files are always in a consistent state.
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### Most popular Version Control System
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- Git
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*Git* is a Distributed Version Control System and probably the most used VCS used nowadays with *Mercurial*.
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- Mercurial
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*Mercurial* is a Distributed Version Control System and probably the most used VCS used nowadays with *Git*.
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- CVS
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*CVS* is an old SCM which was proeminent before *SVN* widespread.
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*CVS* and *SVN* are now deprecated in favor of Distributed Version Control System like *Git* and *Mercurial*.
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- SVN/Subversion
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*SVN* is an old SCM that succeeded *CVS*.
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Eventually *SVN* was deprecated by the wide adoption of Distributed Version Control System like *Git* and *Mercurial*
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### More Information:
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<!-- Please add any articles you think might be helpful to read before writing the article -->
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<a href='http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/cvs' target='_blank'>CVS</a>
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<a href='https://git-scm.com/' target='_blank'>Git</a>
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<a href='https://www.mercurial-scm.org/' target='_blank'>Mercurial</a>
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<a href='http://subversion.tigris.org/' target='_blank'>SVN</a>
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<a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control' target='_blank'>Version Control on Wikipedia</a>
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