177 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Operators
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---
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# Operators :
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* Operators let you perform operations on your data.
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* The data that is being operated on is called the _operand_ .
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* The different types of operators in C++ are :
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* *OPERANDS* are the data on which the operator performs certain commands.
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* Operators are of 3 types : unary(works on 1 operand), binary(works on 2 operands) , ternary(works on 3 operands).
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### 1 The I/O operators -
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* These operators allow you to direct input and output.
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## The Input oerator ">>" ##
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is used to read data from standard input (the "cin" statement) .
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##The Output operator "<<"##
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is used to send output in the `cout` statement.
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### 2 The Arithmetic operators -
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* These operators allow you to perform basic arithmetic operations.
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1. The `+` operator *adds* the two operands.
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2. The `-` operator *subtracts* the two operands.
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3. The `*` operator *multiplies* the two operands.
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4. The `/` operator *divides* and gives the *quotient* of the two operands.
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5. The `%` operator *divides* and gives the *remainder* of the two operands. (Or, for the more mathematically inclined reader, `a % b` is essentially the result of "a mod b"
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### Example of using arithmetic operators :
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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using namespace std;
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int main()
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{
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int a = 5; //1st operand
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int b = 10; //2nd operand
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cout << "+ operator " << a+b << "\n"; //Add
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cout << "- operator " << a-b << "\n"; //Subtract
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cout << "* operator " << a*b << "\n"; //Multiply
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cout << "/ operator " << b/a << "\n"; //Find Quotient
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cout << "modulus operator " << b%a << "\n"; //Find remainder
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return 0;
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}
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```
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OUTPUT :
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```
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+ operator 15
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- operator -5
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* operator 50
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/ operator 2
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modulus operator 0
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```
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<a href='https://repl.it/Mge9' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Try the code yourself ! :) </a>
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### The increment operator :
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* `++` is known as the increment operator. It increases the value of an integer variable by 1.
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The 2 types of increment :
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* Pre increment first increments the value and then uses it. Example : `int a ; ++a;`
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* Post increment first uses the variable then increments it. Example : `int b; b++;`
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### The decrement operator :
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* `--` is known as the decrement operator. It decreases the value of an integer variable by 1.
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The 2 types of decrement :
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* Pre decrement first decrements the value and then uses it. Example : `int a ; --a;`
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* Post decrement first uses the variable then decrements it. Example : `int b; b--;`
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Example of Increment and decrement operators :
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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using namespace std;
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int main()
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{
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int a = 3 ,b = 4;
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// INCREMENT
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cout<< "Value of int a PRE INCREMENTED : " << ++a << "\n";
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cout<< "Value of int b POST INCREMENTED : " << b++ << "\n";
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cout<< "Value of b is changed after using once : " << b << "\n";
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// DECREMENT
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cout << "\n"; //go to next line
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a = 10; //Assigning a new value to a
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b = 10; //Assigning a new value to b
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cout << "Value of int a PRE DECREMENTED : " << --a << "\n";
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cout << "Value of int b POST DECREMENTED : " << b-- << "\n";
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cout << "Value of b is changed after using once : " << b << "\n";
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return 0;
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}
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```
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OUTPUT :
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```
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Value of int a PRE INCREMENTED : 4
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Value of int b POST INCREMENTED : 4
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Value of b is changed after using once : 5
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Value of int a PRE DECREMENTED : 9
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Value of int b POST DECREMENTED : 10
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Value of b is changed after using once : 9
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```
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<a href='https://repl.it/Mgg4/2' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Try the code yourself ! :) </a>
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### 3 : Relational Operators :
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* These operators tell us the relation among 2 operands and return a boolean value(0 or 1). If the relation is `true` then it results into 1 . If the realtion is false then it results into 0.
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* The 6 relational operators are :
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1. Less than `<`
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2. Greater than `>`
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3. Less than or equal to `<=`
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4. Greater than or equal to `>=`
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5. Equal to `==`
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6. Not equal to `!=`
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### 4 : Logical Operators :
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* These operators combine expressions for logical operations . They are :
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1. Logical AND `&&` : Evaluates to true if both values are true .
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2. Logical OR `||` : Evaluates to true if any value is true .
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3. Logical NOT `!` : If *expression* is true then *!expression* is false. This operator reverses the truth value and is a unary operator.
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### 5. Ternary Operators :
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The `?:` operator is the ternary operator, or the _conditional operator_, becuase it can be used to substitute an `if else` statement, or even an `if else if` statement.
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The syntax:
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`condition ? ValueIfTrue : ValueIfFalse `. This expands to:
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```cpp
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if(condition)
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ValueIfTrue;
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else ValueIfFalse;
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```
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Calling `ValueIfTrue` a value is a bit wrong, since it need not be a number. Something like this:
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`condition ? FirstLevelTrueValue : ConditionIfFalse ? SecondLevelTrueValue : SecondLevelFalseValue ` also works, and is interpreted as the following `if else if` statement:
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```cpp
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if(condition)
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FirstLevelTrueValue;
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else if(ConditionIfFalse)
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SecondLevelTrueValue;
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else SecondLevelFalseValue;
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```
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Similarly, nested `if` statements can also be made using ternary operators.
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_Camper , You now know what tokens are. The next article will be about <need-to-put-topic> CONGRATULATIONS_
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**Good Luck to all of you**
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**Happy Coding ! :)**
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**Feel free to ask any queries on FreeCodeCamp's GitHub page or <a href='https://forum.freecodecamp.org/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>FreeCodeCamp's Forum .</a>**
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