freeCodeCamp/guide/chinese/clojure/create-local-variables-with.../index.md

58 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters!

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters that may be confused with others in your current locale. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to highlight these characters.

---
title: Clojure Create Local Variables with Let
localeTitle: Clojure用Let创建局部变量
---
`let`是Clojure的基本组成部分。 `def`创建一个全局变量,而`let`创建一个局部变量。
```
(def x 5)
(println x)
; => 5
; nil
(let [x 2]
(println x))
; => 2
; nil
(println x)
; => 5
; nil
```
![:rocket:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/rocket.png?v=2 ":火箭:") [IDEOne吧](https://ideone.com/xcNth2)
此示例中的`x`实际上从未实际更改过。 `x`只是指我们的`let`绑定内部不同的东西。这可以是避免函数内部重复的有用方法。
这非常有用。拥有太多全局变量可能会导致令人讨厌的错误和意外行为。
```
(def x 5)
(defn add-5 [y] (+ xy))
(add-5 5)
; => 10
(defn change-x []
(def x 6))
(change-x)
; => nil
(add-5 5)
; => 11
```
![:rocket:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/rocket.png?v=2 ":火箭:") [IDEOne吧](https://ideone.com/MFjA3C)
哦哦那不再是5了当然这个例子有点傻但是使用太多的全局变量会导致像这个一样可怕的错误。
**注意:**我们并不是真的在这里_重新分配_ `x` 就像你在C语言中那样。我们只是创建一个恰好称为x的新变量。这是一个_非常**非常**_糟糕的主意。
## 多个绑定
`let`也可以一次定义多个变量,并可以为表达式赋值。
```
(let [spam "foo"
ham (str "b" "ar")] ; str is a function that concatenates strings
(println spam ham)) ; or converts variables into strings.
; => foo bar
; nil
```
![:rocket:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/rocket.png?v=2 ":火箭:") [IDEOne吧](https://ideone.com/y5EBIM)
| [![:point_left:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/point_left.png?v=2 "point_left")上一页](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-conditionals/18412) | [![:book:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/book.png?v=2 ":书:")家![:book:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/book.png?v=2 ":书:")](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-resources/18422) | [下一个![:point_right:](//forum.freecodecamp.com/images/emoji/emoji_one/point_right.png?v=2 "point_right")](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-loop-recur/18418) |
| [条件](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-conditionals/18412) | [目录](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-resources/18422) | [循环和重复](//forum.freecodecamp.com/t/clojure-loop-recur/18418) |